That last month's inaugural WNBA All-Star Game at Madison
Square Garden was attended by Tipper Gore and several members
of the victorious women's World Cup soccer team was particularly
fitting, and not just because the WNBA has a reputation for
marketing savvy. In the last few years, women's sports have
become inextricably entwined with politics. And as the WNBA
championship series between the Houston Comets and the New York
Liberty gets under way, the basketball court is the latest battleground
in the gender wars.
The issue: dunking. Or, rather, the absence of dunking.
In the three years the WNBA has been playing (and the two and
a half years of its now-defunct rival, the ABL), no woman has
ever dunked in a game, and only one has even tried to -- although
about 10 current WNBA players have enough "ups" to
successfully jam in practice sessions. This isn't much of an
issue for the women in the league. But men just can't leave
it alone.
During the week of the All-Star Game, the mostly male sports
media became "almost obsessed," in the words of Comets
All-Star guard Sheryl Swoopes, with this singular physical act.
The New York Times' William C. Rhoden wrote a column the day
of the game titled "A League In Search of a Moment,"
the moment being the dunk. Never mind the fact that even in
the men's game the dunk is almost entirely a style over substance
move -- not to mention that by all appearances women journalists,
the players and their approximately 10,000 rabidly loyal fans
a game (70 percent of whom are women) couldn't care less about
seeing it, at least for the time being.
The players' feelings were made obvious during some tense exchanges
in the locker room following the somewhat lopsided West team
victory.
"I don't know why you guys are so overly concerned with
women dunking," two-time MVP Cynthia Cooper of the Comets
snapped at me when I became the umpteenth male member of the
press core to approach her about the topic. "People need
to realize that we play a different kind of game. If a woman
dunks, great, more power to her -- but it's not what determines
whether our game is exciting or not."
The Utah Starzz's 7-foot-2-inch Margot Dydek is the leagues
only player who can dunk with ease -- as she, and a few other
women, have done in European leagues, to little fanfare. But
she prefers to lay the ball quietly off the backboard. "Why
should we care about the dunk?" she said in a phone interview.
"Two points is two points. When dunking is worth five points,
then I'll think more about dunking."
The issue's sexual overtones took on comical proportions in
the response of another player, the Phoenix Mercury's Jen Gillom,
who told me, "It's just different for us. For us to do
it, everything has to be just right."
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Of course, the women pros also realize that a major appeal
of sports is aesthetic, and they're the first to admit that
no woman now has the kind of leaping ability that would enable
them to dunk with the kind of grace worthy of slow-motion replay.
They know they look a lot better, and are equally, if not more,
effective, banking the ball off the glass than attempting a
stilted and risky jam.
It is precisely this all-too-obvious point -- along with the
fact that, especially in the sports arena, men have always seemed
a little too eager to point out that they have something they
think that women want -- that makes me suspicious of pieces
like Rhoden's or the one by the San Francisco Chronicle's Jonathan
Curiel, who wrote last year that the dunk "could revolutionize
the way women's basketball is perceived."
What the dunk really is is a marketing ploy. Take last year's
dunk contest, staged by the now-defunct ABL. Hoping to increase
its marketability, the ABL organized the event to coincide with
its own All-Star Game in Orlando, Fla. Five players participated
in the contest, which was won by the 6-5 Sylvia Crawley, who
performed a somewhat awkward one-handed jam while wearing a
blindfold. Sports Illustrated, not surprisingly, called her
dunk the "poster-perfect moment" for the league. ABL
commissioner Gary Cavalli likened Crawley, who was not a standout
player, to a pied piper, saying that because of her dunking
ability it was "apparent that the league needed to keep
her." But by year's end, the league had folded, few people
had ever heard of Crawley, and when the WNBA held a special
draft this year for teams to snap up the best former ABL players,
Crawley wasn't among those chosen.
Even in the NBA, players dunked for years before anyone
cared about the move. Not until the acrobatic, high-flying Julius
Erving arrived on the scene in the '70s did the dunk pique fans'
interest. True, the first woman to do it will make headlines
for a couple of days and probably a nice chunk of change from
some sponsor. (Why else would the male agent of Los Angeles
Sparks star Lisa Leslie, whose miss in the WNBA's first-ever
game three years ago was the only time anyone has tried to dunk
in a game, needle her to make another attempt?) But to make
the dunk out to be some kind of revolutionary benchmark, or
the sine qua non of the sport, is a joke.
The real question is not what the dunk could do for women's
basketball, but what it would do to men.
The dunk, in many ways, symbolizes the final frontier for women
athletes to conquer, the co-opting of the single most macho
act in all of sports. It can be viewed both as a sign of progress
that women find themselves on the verge of achieving this once-unattainable
goal, and an indication of how far we still have to go that
men are reacting to the situation with such oafishness and insincerity.
In the three years since the gold-medal success of the U.S.
women's basketball, soccer, softball and gymnastics teams at
the Atlanta Olympics helped propel women's professional team
sports to new heights, a majority of the dialogue on women's
sports -- thanks to men's dominance of the sports media -- has
focused on what won't work or what the women can't do. (That
is, when the papers deign to cover women's sports at all.) Thus
it is hardly surprising that in a summer when the Anything You
Can Do I Can Do Better sentiment hit a new high thanks to the
women's World Cup soccer team -- and Nike, which was there to
cash in on it -- there has been a backlash. As soon as the World
Cup ended, a spate of columns by male journalists appeared declaring
that while the women's World Cup was a "marketing"
victory, women's soccer would never succeed as a professional
sport, a sentiment all-too-familiar to women athletes, feminists
and female sportswriters.
"The thing that was recurrent in all those columns was
the supposition that men won't watch, as if it couldn't exist
without them," says one of the best women sportswriters,
columnist Johnette Howard of Newsday. "If women waited
for men's approval to do anything, they wouldn't be where they
are now. And I think this thing with the dunk is another example
of women being told what they do isn't good enough, no matter
how good they are, because they don't dunk."
The WNBA players are reluctant to characterize their feelings
in such starkly political terms, but it is obvious in talking
to them that they are well aware of the sexual politics of the
dunk.
"You hear it all the time," says Rebecca Lobo of the
New York Liberty, one of the WNBA's biggest stars. "Guys
on the street will be like, 'Hah, I can dunk on you,' or 'Can
you dunk?' That's the question they always ask. Just because
you can dunk doesn't mean you're a better basketball player.
But in their minds it's: 'I'm more powerful. I can jump higher.
I'm better than you.'"
It isn't that women players are averse to the dunk -- who doesn't
like a good dunk now and then? But the taunting has rankled
the women and their fans enough to cause an undeniably political
reaction.
"I think a lot of women don't want us to do it now,"
says Lobo, "because I think they like seeing us separate
and different from the guys. I want to keep the essence of what
women's basketball is."
That essence, rooted in passing and defense, is a world
away from the show-offy men's game, where the dunk is an exclamation
point. The women, who are on average six to eight inches shorter
than the men, play the game well below the rim. Some basketball
purists, most notably legendary former UCLA men's coach John
Wooden, say they actually prefer the teamwork- and fundamentals-oriented
women's game to the increasingly selfish men's version. Either
way, taste should be subjective. But a look at the gender breakdown
of the commentary on women's basketball is enough to make you
wonder if male sportswriters lack an enzyme that would enable
them to properly digest it.
Take, for instance, the coverage of last month's All-Star Game.
Lisa Olson of the New York Daily News wrote a column praising
the event as a total success, saying, "It didn't matter
that none of the players could do a tomahawk dunk."
But the Associated Press account, written by Hal Bock, that
appeared in the majority of the country's papers included the
line "But sorry, still no dunks." Jerry Brewster's
gamer in The New York Times, while one of the few stories not
to mention the dunk, included -- in the lead, no less -- the
laughably alpha-male statement that the game was good "despite
too much defense."
If men are so intent on using the men's game as a means for
comparison, why don't we hear instead, for example, about the
women's free-throw percentages, a significant measure of individual
skill. This past season, the accuracy for the WNBA and NBA were
almost identical: 73.3 for the WNBA; 74.4 for the NBA.
What really doesn't add up is that if the WNBA is as public-relations
savvy as the media has always claimed (often derisively), then
shouldn't these same sportswriters trust that WNBA commissioner
Val Ackerman knows what she's doing when she says she has no
plans to stage a dunk contest and doesn't believe the dunk is
a vital part of the women's game?
In fact, Ackerman and her players seem to know exactly what
they're doing. By waiting for the right moment to do the dunk,
they will be able to perform the act on their own terms, and
therefore have more control of the outcome. Before the All-Star
Game began and when no media were present, the players did discuss
the possibility of dunking that night. The Liberty's Kym Hampton,
who was playing for the East All-Stars, told Leslie, who was
playing for the West, that if she wanted to try a dunk, she
should signal to her and she would allow Leslie a clear path
to the hoop. The situation never presented itself during the
game -- though Leslie did throw down a well-thought-out two-handed
dunk during the pre-game warmups before most fans had taken
their seats.
During a telling sequence in the second half of the game, Sacramento
Monarch Yolanda Griffith, who is also able to dunk, found herself
alone on a breakaway, and as an entire row of male journalists
in my section rose to their feet, she laid the ball gently off
the glass.
When I caught Griffith alone in a corner of the locker room
after the game and asked her why she didn't dunk, she told me,
"I thought about it, but I'd been missing a lot of shots
and I figured I better just lay it in. It wasn't meant to be
a dunk tonight. Maybe one day."
But less than a minute later, a horde of men closed in on her
asking the same question, and her answer and her mood quickly
changed. "No," she now said testily. "I didn't
even think about it. No."
The gender divide over the dunk ranks it right up there
with masturbation as one of the most revealing symbols of the
sexual and cultural differences between the sexes. (Should we
even attempt to consider how long an NBA player could go without
dunking?) For men, the point of the act is to assert dominance,
and often, to degrade the opponent. With little other real value,
it is among the most selfish acts in team sports. For women,
on the other hand, the move must have purpose, requires forethought
and will not (and perhaps cannot) happen without the support
and assistance of teammates.
This paradigm may not be the most useful way for women to view
the debate, however, since the limiting nature of gender stereotypes
is exactly what they have been running from. But each time they
seem to be making a big leap forward, men seem more inclined
to trap them by clinging to their own traditional notions of
gender roles and sexuality -- as in the recent reemergence of
"guy" magazines, TV shows and movies.
Last year when Howard, who was then a senior writer at Sports
Illustrated, turned in an assigned feature on 7-2 Starzz center
Dydek, the (all male) editors made her rewrite the piece so
that the dunk, which had been addressed in her original version,
was the lead of the story. "That was all they cared about,"
she says. Then again, why else would Dydek be of interest to
the magazine's largely male readership?
This current hue and cry for women to dunk, coming from men
whom Lobo called the "beer-drinking, hot-dog eating fan
who only gets out of his seat at an NBA game when he sees a
monster Latrell Sprewell-type jam," makes one seriously
wonder: Do men really want to see women dunk so badly, or just
dunk badly?
As Comets coach Van Chancellor, who has spent his entire career
coaching women, says, "The men who are bitching about women
dunking are the same guys who if they were married to Vanna
White would want her to cook too."
At least now, women have come far enough to know that they don't
need men's approval to become, as they say, legit. Call them
dunk teases, but they'll dunk when they're good and ready, and
you better believe they're going to enjoy themselves when it
happens. "I think everyone in here dreams of dunking,"
the Mercury's Gillom told me in the locker room after the All-Star
Game. "But I don't think we should be in any rush. I think
we're still maybe a year or two away. But when it does happen,
I'll be there cheering my head off."